How does a tonic get established in a melody?

Whenever I hear an explanation about what the tonic or root note is, it’s about how it creates some kind of gravitational pull in the music. How does it do that exactly? How does our brain piece together what the tonic is? This concept has always just seemed almost supernatural. How does a tonic magically get established?
I realize that there isn’t a simple answer to this question, but any insight would help. Thanks!

Interesting topic; im only at a beginner level about it; a possible approach would be, i think, that of taking account of not only the bass but also the melody and melodic motion and melodic features (direction, rhythm, etc.): not only the bass of a musical piece adressed either one of two possible tonal relations (i mean either I-V or I-IV; or some equivalent degree relation casting the relation between motion vs rest); the melody and all of its features would as well do it; so the matching of the two would in general work as to set the nature of tonic (rest, rest-comparatively, etc).

Beside all that, theres also the so called atonal music. So there is at least one scheme not needing to be related to all the previously said. In YT you could perhaps find interesting pieces of atonal music.

Greetings

Interesting topic; im only at a beginner level about it; a possible approach would be, i think, that of taking account of not only the bass but also the melody and melodic motion and melodic features (direction, rhythm, etc.): not only the bass of a musical piece adressed either one of two possible tonal relations (i mean either I-V or I-IV; or some equivalent degree relation casting the relation between motion vs rest); the melody and all of its features would as well do it; so the matching of the two would in general work as to set the nature of tonic (rest, rest-comparatively, etc).

Beside all that, theres also the so called atonal music. There are interesting pieces you could find in YT.

Greetinfgs

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